Ultimately, imperfect measurements of plant and soil water isotope ratios can continue to support useful inferences if study designs are appropriately matched to their likely biases and uncertainties. Fleckenstein, and Andreas Musolff. Increased nitrate concentrations in surface waters can compromise river ecosystem health. As riverine nitrate uptake is hard to measure, we explore how low frequency nitrate concentration and discharge observations that are widely available can help to identify in efficient uptake in river networks.
We find that channel geometry and water velocity rather than the biological uptake capacity dominate the nitrate-discharge pattern at the outlet. The former can be used to predict uptake.
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In this study we developed machine learning approaches for daily river water temperature prediction, using different data preprocessing methods, 6 model types, a range of different data inputs and 10 study catchments. By comparing to current state of the art models, we could show a significant improvement of prediction performance of the tested approaches.
Furthermore, we could gain insight into the relationships between model types, input data and predicted stream water temperature. Preprint under review for HESS discussion: final response, 3 comments. Accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage TWS is essential for reliable water resource assessments.
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Our workflow relies only on publicly accessible, allowing reproduction of 0. In this study, we assessed the sustainability of water resources in a Wadi region with the help of a hydrologic model. Our assessment showed that the increases in groundwater withdrawal and consumption exacerbate the negative impact of climate change on groundwater sustainability and hydrologic regime alteration. These alterations have severe consequences for a downstream wetland and its ecosystem. The approach may be applicable in other wadi regions with different climate and water use system.
Plants affect the global water and carbon cycles by modifying their water use and carbon intake in response to soil moisture. Global climate models represent this response with either simple empirical models or complex physical models. We reveal that the latter improves predictions in plants with large flow resistance; however, adding dependence on atmospheric moisture demand to the former matches performance of the latter, leading to a new tool for improving carbon and water cycle predictions. Sangchul Lee, Gregory W. McCarty, Glenn E. A statistical model that can account for complex systems is used to identify the main factors affecting wheat yield in Germany.
In many parts of Germany, the main adverse effect is caused by too much soil water in spring. Yield losses in northeastern Germany are related to soil moisture drought. Meteorological effects such as heat do not seem to play a prominent role. Furthermore, the model is able to explain both exceptionally high yields and yields in very high loss years , Preprint under review for HESS discussion: final response, 7 comments.
This paper is the result of new research of ancient and early modern sources about the developments of the concept of hydrological cycle and of hydrology in general. It shows that the flooding of the Nile was the first geophysical problem formulated in scientific terms in the cradle of natural philosophy and science in the 6th century BC.
Aristotle was able to find the correct solution to the problem, which he tested through what it appears to be the first scientific expedition in history. Shuci Liu, Dongryeol Ryu, J. Riverine water quality can change markedly at one particular location. This study developed predictive models to represent the temporal variation of stream water quality across the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia.
The model structures were informed by a data-driven approach, which is useful to identify important factors determining temporal changes in water quality and, in turn, provide critical information for developing management strategies. Response surfaces are increasingly used to identify the hydro-climatic conditions leading to a water resources system's failure.
Partitioning the surface usually requires performance thresholds that are not necessarily crisp. We propose a methodology that combines the inherent uncertainty of response surfaces with the ambiguity of performance thresholds. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a multireservoir system in Canada for which some performance thresholds are imprecise.
Freezing-induced groundwater migration and water table decline are widely observed, but quantitative understanding of these processes is lacking.
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By considering atmospheric conditions and occurrence of lateral groundwater inflow, a model coupling soil water and groundwater well reproduced field observed wintertime variations of soil water content and groundwater level. The model results led to a clear understanding of the balance of water budget during the freezing-thawing cycle.
Maneta, and Chris Soulsby.
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We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model to quantify water flux-storage-age interactions for three urban vegetation types: Trees, shrub and grass. Preprint under review for HESS discussion: final response, 5 comments. At our study site during the covered period, differences in mobile and bulk soil water supported the two water worlds TWW hypothesis. Isotopic offset occurred at the interface between the soil and Salix matsudana roots and can be attributed to combined effects of ecohydrological separation as in the TWW hypothesis and isotopic fractionation.
We used root water as a medium to connect the soil and plant xylem, extending our knowledge of isotopic signals in the soil-root-xylem continuum. Paul H. Whitfield, Philip D. Kraaijenbrink, Kevin R. Shook, and John W. Preprint under review for HESS discussion: final response, 10 comments.
Soil moisture plays a critical role in the water and energy cycles of the earth system, for which a long-term soil moisture product with high quality is urgently needed. In-situ observations are generally treated as the true value to systematically evaluate five soil moisture products including one remote sensing product and four reanalysis datasets during — This long-term inter-comparison study provides clues for SM product enhancement and further hydrological applications. Manuscript not accepted for further review discussion: closed, 8 comments. Agricultural droughts occur when the water content of the soil diminishes to such a level that vegetation is negatively impacted.
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Here we show that, although they are classified as the same type of drought, substantial differences between soil moisture and vegetation droughts exist. This duality is not included in the term agricultural drought, and thus is a potential issue in drought research. We argue that a distinction should be made between soil moisture and vegetation drought events. Sergio Naranjo, Francelino A. Rodrigues Jr. This study pioneers in the integration of a spatially explicit soil erosion model with plot and watershed scale characterization and high resolution drone imagery to assess the effect of spatial resolution DTM on discharge and soil loss.
Results showed reduction of slope due to resampling-down of DTM. High resolution translates into higher slope, denser fluvial system, and extremer values of soil loss reducing time of concentration and increasing soil loss at the outlet. Kenneth W. Chapman, Troy E. Gilmore, Christian D. Chapman, Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, and Aaron R. Use of scalar features calculated from images of the North Platte River State Line Weir captured with a ground-based camera for a documentary water imaging project to build machine learning models to fill year-long gaps in stream stage and discharge data.
Predictions, after filtering for noise with a Kalman filter were shown to perform as well or better than comparative studies. An image feature development process is proposed and tested.
Selection of appropriate training data is addressed. Revised manuscript under review for HESS discussion: final response, 6 comments. Design flood estimation is a fundamental task in hydrology.
We propose a machine learning based approach to estimate design floods anywhere on the global river network. This approach is a valid method to estimate design floods globally, improving our prediction of the flood hazard, especially in ungauged areas. The hydrometeorological skills of two new nowcasting systems for forecasting Mediterranean intense rainfall events and floods are investigated. Using these nowcasting systems for flash-flood forecasting is also promising.
The stationary assumption in hydrology has become obsolete because of climate changes.
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In that context, it is crucial to assess the performance of a hydrologic model over a wide range of climates and their corresponding hydrologic conditions. The proposed protocol is tested on the Senegal River. This study investigates how the spatial nitrate reduction in the subsurface may shift under changing climate and land use conditions.
This change is investigated by comparing maps showing the spatial nitrate reduction in an agricultural catchment for current conditions, with maps generated for future projected climate and land use conditions. Results show that future climate flow paths may shift the catchment reduction noticeably, while implications of land use changes where less substantial.
Snowmelt in the High Atlas is critical for irrigation in Morocco, but is threatened by climate change. We assess future trends in High Atlas snowpack by modeling it under historical and future climate scenarios, and estimate their impact on runoff. Andrew Black, and Mark S. Here, we present a novel physically-based evaporation model to demonstrate vertical relative humidity gradients from the land surface to the atmosphere tend to evolve towards zero due to land-atmosphere equilibration processes.
Collapsing relative humidity gradients on daily to yearly timescales indicate an emergent land-atmosphere equilibrium, making it possible to determine evapotranspiration using only meteorological information, independent of land surface conditions and vegetation controls. We introduce a simple analytical framework that allows to estimate to what extent large-scale groundwater withdrawal affects groundwater levels and streamflow. It also calculates which part of the groundwater withdrawal comes out of groundwater storage and which parts from a reduction in streamflow.
A global application of the framework yields depletion estimates that are similar to those obtained from global hydrological models and estimates from satellites. Also, it can serve as a tool to use for a first screen of the coastal water surface temperature to identify possible thermal anomalies that will help narrow the sampling survey.
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS discussion: closed, 4 comments. We investigated the long-term moisture sources contribute to precipitation change in the region, and identified regions southwest of the reservoir especially the southeastern Tibetan Plateau to be the key regions that control precipitation change in the reservoir.