Bitcoin public key multisig

For Bitcoin custody specifically, some popular multisig service providers with key management services include Blockstream, Casa and Unchained Capital. Other open-source, do-it-yourself multisig software includes Caravan, Electrum, Lily, Nunchuk and Specter, among others. Subscribe to , Subscribe. Justin, Vittie and Craig each hold one of the three keys needed to unlock the multisig wallet.

When would someone use a multisignature crypto wallet?

Multisig Wallets Can Keep Your Coins Safer (If You Use Them Right) - CoinDesk

Read more about Wallets Multisig Explainers. Disclosure The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups.

Staking as an Asset Class? Bitcoin Mining. The BitBox02 solves all these potential issues in the most thorough way: it lets you store the checksum of all relevant information about your co-signers directly in the hardware wallet. This enables the BitBox02 to automatically verify sending and receiving operations, which is not possible with other hardware wallets, like Ledger or Trezor. The only tricky part remains the backup, that we explain in detail further down.

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We will use three BitBox02 hardware wallets for our multisignature setup. This is the recommended option, as it works the smoothest and avoids unnecessary complexity that could potentially lead to decreased security. A multi-signature setup with hardware wallets of different manufacturers is also very interesting, but adds a lot of complexity, since other vendors miss some verification features. We will demonstrate how to do that securely in a follow-up article, with the BitBox02 adding significant security to the overall setup thanks to its unique capability to keep the co-signers in check.


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Before you can use the BitBox02 with Electrum, you need to set up the devices and update them to firmware 9. In this multisig setup you need to know when to connect which device. There are countless multisignature configurations possible see the Bitcoin Wiki Multisignature page for some examples.

For our first dive into multisig, we will create a 2-of-3 multisig wallet. Make sure that the BitBoxApp is closed and then launch Electrum. In this screen, you can configure the total number of co-signers and the required threshold. Now we need to register each co-signer individually. The extended public key of the first BitBox02 is shown.

Mastering Bitcoin, 2nd Edition by Andreas M. Antonopoulos

As a last step, Electrum offers the option to protect your wallet with a password. Although your wallet does not contain any secrets the private keys never leave the BitBox02 , it stores your addresses, transactions and the wallet balance. The multisig wallet is now ready. Unfortunately, the Electrum user interface is a bit wonky here.

How To Use Multisig Bitcoin Wallets With Electrum

This is why it is important to give your BitBox02 devices easy to identify names. This is privacy-sensitive information, but not secret. This backup information must then be stored with each backup of all hardware wallets, otherwise you might not be able to recover your funds if the devices are lost or damaged.


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You can just print this information as text or QR codes on paper as it does not contain any secrets. Make sure to verify the data on the printout in the next step, where it is shown on the BitBox As outlined in the beginning, secure and automatic verification of receiving addresses is only possible if the hardware wallet knows the co-signers. This is why a new multisig setup is automatically registered with a specific name on the BitBox02 on first use, making it possible for you to verify all parameters.

Verify the receiving address by clicking on the BitBox02 eye symbol hover over it with the mouse pointer to find the right one. On the BitBox02, verify and confirm the displayed information against the text file you created earlier, including all xpubs. The BitBox02 clearly indicates which xpub corresponds to this specific device, and which belongs to the cosigners. And if you want to generate a fresh master public key, you could simply create a new passphrase for your seed. So, not that much trouble to go through, — DriftP Mar 2 '19 at The way that wallet balance is calculated is by scanning the blockchain from the hash of all 3 addresses I assume that you will create a P2SH instead of using the raw public keys as script.

Since one of your master public key will always be private, the malicious actor would never be able to calculate the has effectively as all the 3 public keys will be used to create one.

Creating Multisignature Transactions

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BitBox02 ❤️ Electrum

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